Polaroid Case Study

BACKDROP Polaroid is manufacturer of photographic equipment, accessories and related items used in instant photography. The organization was divided into two main divisions The Consumer Photography Division and the Technical and Industrial Division with each of these divisions contributing nearly 40% of Polaroids revenues of $ 1. 3 billion in 1984. The company put outd two main types of films 1. The peel isolated film which required the user to physic ally pull the film go forth of the camera and, 2. The integral film, which came out of the camera automatically.The integral films were manufactured in the R2 building at the Waltham Massachusetts site. The operations at R2 include production of sheet metal springs, pods, plastic cartridges and plastic end caps and then assembled these into film cartridges. R2 ran three shifts, phoebe bird days a week, employing approximately 900 workers out of which 700 were part term. QUALITY AND PROCESS CONTROL PROCEDURES AT R2 on the whole films were vetted by the Quality secure Department before being released into the market. The QC procedure included sampling of 15 finished cartridges (each containing 10 frames) out of e real lot of 5000 cartridges.If the sampled cartridges contained specks in excess of al number oneable limits, the lot was held and set ahead interrogatory was done. Additional testing usually led to reworking, or rejection of a portion or all of the lot. Subsequent lots were the subjected to even more rigorous testing by increasing the sample size of it tested. Quality checks were not the sole responsibility of the QC department. The operators usually sampled around 32 samples out of every lot. If the measurements went against the familiarity of the operator, the sample was rejected.After border conceal was initiated in R2 in the late 1970s, make engineering technicians were make responsible for gathering data and making rough analyses. PROBLEMS WITH EXISTING QUALITY CONTROL Since the tes ting of cartridges was destructive, it resulted in sampled scrap. This, along with the product that failed acceptance sampling resulted in $3. 28 million in 1984. An another(prenominal) bring on was that sampling did nothing to improve flavour, it only improved the AOQ. In fact, due to the large production and low taint rates, if the production and quality enclose sampling were halved, the outgoing defectives would be 0. 3% of production. On the other hand, increasing the AOQ further would lead to prohibitively high costs due to increased sampling. The sampling exploit employed was in any case inaccurate. Time was spent on trying to reduce beta or consumer risk. Cartridges which were inspected and passed were move back to production to be repackaged. But the handling of these cartridges itself increased the chances of their developing defects which resulted in a unlawful cycle of tests and retests and did not contribute to improving quality significantly go increasing costs considerably.To forfend losing production, operators often salted casees. Operators did not record frequently collected data and if they were in doubt, they would pass the agent on to the QC Department believing that they would be able to detect the defect and reject the component if the defect was serious enough. Tweaking machines was an accepted practice in the figuret. The objective of the exercise was to enable machines running and contrasting speeds and variations to produce at their maximum capacity. The QC department did not focus on defects that were normally detected by consumers.For example, the around stringent auditors tested for excess reagent by flipping the film over right after exposing it, a defect that would not be noticed by a consumer. These stringent auditors averaged about 10% defectives. The conditions under which the tests were simulated were also out of sync with current market realities. External customers often used cameras which did not voice pre cisely to specification, whereas the QC Department used perfect cameras to test the film. This precluded the possibility of purpose defects which would occur with imprecisely performance cameras. GREENLIGHTThe task objective was quality monitoring costs reduction while at the same time improving the quality of the product. The improvements in quality see to it functioninges were focused along with reducing the number of samples. The plan consisted of three distinct elements 1. statistical process control would be adapted as processes in control and capable of producing within specifications would produce more consistent quality. 2. Production operators would be given the process control tools that the process engineering technicians had been using and in conjunction with sampling would be expected to make trend decisions themselves. 3.Quality control auditors would concentrate on training operators and operationalizing specifications on their new products. The statistical proc ess control system involving both acceptance sampling and automated process control was to be implemented. SPC involved testing for productions within a pre-specified range. If the production went beyond the range, the production process had to be come together down precaution was to be called to perform nutriment and recalibration. As a part of the process, the operators were to take six random measurements of a process characteristic during the course of their shift and then plot the mean measured value.This led to a drastic reduction in the number of samples tested and consequently the scrapping costs. The central problem in this project was the estimation of the central level and the control limits. Initially, the Quality Control auditors attentioned the operators in plotting the ranges and the operators protocol was to immediately shut down the machines and call for help whenever, the characteristic crossed the specified range. Moreover, eight consecutive mean value lying i nto the upper or unhorse zones near the control limits, or consistently upward trends were to be investigated by maintenance as well.The idea behind the project was to cut down the defect and testing losses. However, the idea backfired when the average defects detection by auditors shot up to 10% from 1% while at the operator level, it halved to about 0. 5%. Another problem was the lack of trust between the auditors and the operators. Standardized maintenance procedures also met with a lot of resistance as they were seen as making the whole maintenance process impersonalized and bureaucratic. The operators believed that they could obtain better results by tweaking the machines.At the same time, operators refused to come out of the maximize output mental capacity and kept adjusting the machines for increased output. Also, the operators were sampling and testing more units than they were recording and adjusted the machines on the basis of the bouncy defects. The nature of defects a lso changed. The variability in the kinds of defects detected increased, as the defects recorded by the auditors were markedly different from the defects recorded by the operators. ANALYSIS The purpose of inspection is to determine the level to which the product manufactured conforms to the specifications.Control charts and run tests ar used for process control with the objective being to identify the causes of assignable variation, and to establish the system alone if the variation is random and the process is under control. The data given in abut 5 was used to calculate the means and ranges of the variables (pod weight and finger height) and the control limits for them were calculated. These have been plotted on control charts. Pod Weight Both the X bar and the R chart show that the process is in control, and that the process is capable. The variation present is random variation. Although the X bar chart shows that the process is in control, the last four readings may indicate a trend if further values move towards the lower control limit. Also, between the 16th and 28th readings, there be making of trends. The R chart shows that though the values of R lie within the control limits the range variation is high. Also, the behaviour of the readings is erratic which is a reason for investigation. Finger Length The X bar graph shows that the process is out of control very often, signifying that an assignable cause of variation may be present. The values in the R chart are within the control limits. Thus, although the process mean is out of control, the process variability is in control. Other compend The random sample of defects from Exhibit 4 is tabulated below. Operator Defects Auditor Defects surplus Reagent 4 11 Excess Flash on box 2 2 Negative sheet defect 3 2 Positive sheet defect 3 3 Double feed 3 3 puke feed failure 2 9 Damaged spring 3 3 Malformed box 1 3 Insufficient reagent 1 4 Misalignment 1 3 Marginal lamination 1 2 Dirt from assembly 0 5 After Greenlight was initiated, the number of defects reported by operators has halved from 1% to 0. % while those reported by auditors has increased from 1% to 10%. This may be due to the fact that the operators are not recording all the defective samples which they are using to adjust their machines. Also, since the auditors feel that asking the operators to be incharge of the quality is like handing over the henhouse to the foxes, most of them may have shifted to stringent checking of the cartridges which would explain the confine from 1% rejects to 10% rejects, which was the level of rejects which only the stringent auditors had earlier. There is some evidence for both the preceding(prenominal) points.The tweaking of the machines by the operators may explain why so many readings are out of the control limits, though the machine should have undergone maintenance and calibration as soon as the first reading was exterior the control limits, which explains why the auditors are fi nding many more rejects due to the feed than the operators. Also, the auditors are finding more rejects due to the reagent, although the process is under control. This may be due to stringent checking. Another interpretation of stringent checking is that cartridges are being rejected due to their having dirt which has been attributed to assembly. RECOMMENDATIONS Control measures have to be collective at the injection molding machines in order to minimize defect rates, and defects regard to be prioritized, to help in setting control limits and the ratings on the quality of products. The operators need to realize that the process downstream is the customer, and they need to shutdown the machine for maintenance as soon as the process goes out of control or else than waiting for the machine to start producing defective pieces. Polaroid can carry out a market look for exercise on consumers, to determine which attributes need compliance from the customers point of view.It will als o need to establish the technical specification limits for various components. These will need to build into a 6-sigma process to increase quality by improving the processes and reduce variation in outputs. The community, especially the top management, need to be convinced about the effectiveness of process control, which doesnt have any problem with the quality apart from above observations. Proper documentation of all the procedures and processes should be assured, in order to keep people focused on quality once defect rates drop significantly below 1%.This documentation should be accessible to all concerned people and they should be instructed unambiguously to adhere to the norms. alter methods for data collection need to be adopted, like the ones mentioned in the case, since the operators have proved to be unreliable. The investing is not large enough to make a serious dent in the companys bottom line, and should be considered. A better and more comprehensive training mod el demand to be introduced to train the workers and supervisors in basic statistics and the application to process control The high-volume driven mindset of the people needs to be changed, and an atmosphere needs to be built which engenders mutual trust between operators and auditors. Appendix model Statistical Process Control Measurements Pod Weight (grams) Sample Number Day Shift 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean Range 3-Aug A 2. 800 2. 799 2. 760 2. 802 2. 805 2. 803 2. 795 0. 045 B 2. 750 2. 820 2. 850 2. 740 2. 850 2. 790 2. 800 0. cx C 2. 768 2. 807 2. 807 2. 804 2. 804 2. 803 2. 799 0. 039 4-Aug A 2. 841 2. 802 2. 802 2. 806 2. 807 2. 807 2. 811 0. 039 B 2. 801 2. 770 2. 833 2. 770 2. 840 2. 741 2. 93 0. 099 C 2. 778 2. 807 2. 804 2. 804 2. 803 2. 804 2. 800 0. 029 5-Aug A 2. 760 2. 804 2. 804 2. 806 2. 805 2. 806 2. 798 0. 046 B 2. 829 2. 804 2. 805 2. 806 2. 807 2. 807 2. 810 0. 025 C 2. 741 2. 850 2. 744 2. 766 2. 767 2. 808 2. 779 0. 109 6-Aug A 2. 814 2. 804 2. 803 2. 805 2. 807 2. 80 4 2. 806 0. 011 B 2. 787 2. 802 2. 805 2. 804 2. 805 2. 804 2. 801 0. 018 C 2. 766 2. 805 2. 804 2. 802 2. 804 2. 806 2. 798 0. 040 7-Aug A 2. 774 2. 801 2. 805 2. 805 2. 805 2. 804 2. 799 0. 031 B 2. 770 2. 801 2. 833 2. 770 2. 840 2. 741 2. 793 0. 099 C 2. 832 2. 836 2. 794 2. 843 2. 13 2. 743 2. 810 0. 100 10-Aug A 2. 829 2. 846 2. 760 2. 854 2. 817 2. 805 2. 819 0. 094 B 2. 850 2. 804 2. 805 2. 806 2. 807 2. 807 2. 813 0. 046 C 2. 803 2. 803 2. 773 2. 837 2. 808 2. 808 2. 805 0. 064 11-Aug A 2. 815 2. 804 2. 803 2. 804 2. 803 2. 802 2. 805 0. 013 B 2. 782 2. 806 2. 806 2. 804 2. 803 2. 802 2. 801 0. 024 C 2. 779 2. 807 2. 808 2. 803 2. 803 2. 803 2. 801 0. 029 12-Aug A 2. 815 2. 815 2. 803 2. 864 2. 834 2. 803 2. 822 0. 061 B 2. 846 2. 854 2. 760 2. 829 2. 817 2. 805 2. 819 0. 094 C 2. 767 2. 804 2. 834 2. 803 2. 803 2. 803 2. 802 0. 067 13-Aug A 2. 850 2. 04 2. 804 2. 804 2. 804 2. 804 2. 812 0. 046 B 2. 810 2. 820 2. 814 2. 794 2. 798 2. 787 2. 804 0. 033 C 2. 850 2. 820 2. 75 0 2. 740 2. 850 2. 790 2. 800 0. 110 14-Aug A 2. 750 2. 765 2. 850 2. 760 2. 790 2. 840 2. 793 0. 100 B 2. 830 2. 770 2. 848 2. 760 2. 750 2. 830 2. 798 0. 098 C 2. 740 2. 770 2. 833 2. 770 2. 840 2. 800 2. 792 0. 100 17-Aug A 2. 753 2. 807 2. 805 2. 804 2. 802 2. 804 2. 796 0. 054 B 2. 851 2. 751 2. 752 2. 773 2. 849 2. 806 2. 797 0. 100 C 2. 845 2. 804 2. 803 2. 806 2. 805 2. 806 2. 812 0. 042 18-Aug A 2. 844 2. 777 2. 754 2. 791 2. 833 2. 811 2. 802 0. 90 B 2. 806 2. 839 2. 805 2. 804 2. 850 2. 740 2. 807 0. 110 C 2. 849 2. 801 2. 804 2. 762 2. 814 2. 791 2. 804 0. 087 19-Aug A 2. 820 2. 793 2. 812 2. 833 2. 853 2. 812 2. 821 0. 060 B 2. 790 2. 780 2. 764 2. 843 2. 843 2. 818 2. 806 0. 079 C 2. 850 2. 806 2. 805 2. 814 2. 807 2. 807 2. 815 0. 045 20-Aug A 2. 767 2. 831 2. 808 2. 793 2. 836 2. 811 2. 808 0. 069 B 2. 833 2. 825 2. 793 2. 813 2. 823 2. 766 2. 809 0. 067 C 2. 824 2. 799 2. 790 2. 764 2. 817 2. 805 2. 800 0. 060 21-Aug A 2. 778 2. 775 2. 799 2. 805 2. 833 2. 772 2. 79 4 0. 061 B 2. 801 2. 832 2. 758 2. 759 2. 773 2. 14 2. 790 0. 074 C 2. 770 2. 787 2. 744 2. 766 2. 807 2. 803 2. 780 0. 063 Average 2. 8025 0. 0640 UCL for mean = 2. 8332 UCL for Range = 0. 1280 LCL for mean = 2. 7718 LCL for Range = 0. 0000 Sample Statistical Process Control Measurements Finger Height (mm) Sample Number Day Shift 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mean Range 3-Aug A 1. 90 1. 95 1. 94 2. 00 2. 05 2. 16 2. 00 0. 26 B 2. 15 2. 17 2. 11 2. 13 2. 02 2. 03 2. 10 0. 15 C 1. 73 1. 90 2. 07 1. 89 1. 76 1. 88 1. 87 0. 34 4-Aug A 2. 30 2. 41 2. 54 2. 37 2. 32 2. 16 2. 35 0. 38 B 2. 28 2. 16 2. 19 2. 08 2. 25 2. 24 2. 20 0. 20 C 1. 92 2. 24 2. 1 1. 89 1. 88 2. 17 2. 04 0. 36 5-Aug A 2. 39 2. 28 2. 10 2. 36 2. 54 2. 25 2. 32 0. 44 B 2. 11 2. 21 2. 24 2. 21 2. 17 2. 24 2. 20 0. 13 C 1. 89 1. 90 1. 73 2. 07 1. 89 1. 76 1. 87 0. 34 6-Aug A 2. 51 2. 25 2. 08 2. 35 2. 29 2. 32 2. 30 0. 43 B 2. 22 2. 19 2. 22 2. 24 2. 01 2. 23 2. 19 0. 23 C 1. 89 1. 90 1. 78 2. 07 1. 89 1. 76 1. 88 0. 31 7-Aug A 1. 95 2. 0 7 2. 25 1. 95 2. 11 2. 16 2. 08 0. 30 B 2. 08 2. 03 2. 27 2. 23 2. 24 2. 13 2. 16 0. 24 C 2. 31 1. 90 1. 86 1. 91 1. 89 1. 87 1. 96 0. 45 10-Aug A 2. 23 2. 25 2. 21 1. 89 2. 15 2. 11 2. 14 0. 36 B 2. 23 2. 21 2. 05 2. 19 2. 7 2. 16 2. 15 0. 18 C 1. 73 2. 00 1. 79 1. 75 1. 84 1. 74 1. 81 0. 27 11-Aug A 2. 21 2. 11 2. 21 2. 44 2. 17 2. 30 2. 24 0. 33 B 2. 17 2. 19 2. 15 2. 04 2. 07 2. 22 2. 14 0. 18 C 2. 01 1. 90 1. 90 1. 81 2. 06 1. 89 1. 93 0. 25 12-Aug A 2. 08 2. 19 2. 28 2. 29 2. 21 2. 45 2. 25 0. 37 B 1. 93 2. 09 1. 90 1. 95 2. 04 2. 09 2. 00 0. 19 C 1. 84 2. 12 1. 90 1. 89 2. 01 1. 75 1. 92 0. 37 13-Aug A 2. 23 2. 01 2. 25 2. 11 2. 39 2. 15 2. 19 0. 38 B 2. 19 2. 22 2. 18 2. 15 2. 23 2. 04 2. 17 0. 19 C 1. 96 2. 05 2. 16 1. 87 2. 13 1. 90 2. 01 0. 29 14-Aug A 2. 27 2. 00 2. 06 1. 97 2. 13 2. 05

Queen vs. Dudley and Stephens

Regina v. Dudley and Stephens There return been many criminal cases in the hi score, which brought controversy, whether murder could be justified infra different circumstances. One of the famous cases tells a story of tetrad shipwrecked men, which were lost in the high seas. The story was shout outd The Lifeboat Case, regarding the tragic and life-changing decision that was make in inn take circumstance. Four seamen, doub ting Thomas Dudley, Edward Stephens, digest and 17 year old Richard Parker were in high seas and due to the storm that hit them precise bad, they had to put themselves into an open boat.They did non have any supply of urine and food, except 1 lb. tin of turnips. On the fourth day of this journey, they caught a sm every(prenominal) turtle and it lasted them for few days. After the turtle was only consumed, they spent eight more days in hunger. On twentieth day of being in the state of prostration, Dudley and Stephens spoke to Brooks as to what should be don e if on that point will be no help. Dudley suggested that one of them should sacrifice his life to save the rest and offered to draw lots in order to fragment one.Since Brooks refused to consent and as three seamen, except the boy spoke about their families, Dudley proposed to kill the Parker, since he had no family and the fact that he would die soon anyway, because he was the trippingest and he was drinking sea water. Although, Brooks dissented from the crime, with the agreement of Stephens and Dudley, the act was done on July 25th. With the prayer to forgive them, Dudley came up to helpless Richard Parker and telling him that his season has come, put the knife on his throat and killed him.After eating Richards body and drinking his stock for four days, the seamen were picked up by a passing ship. The rescuers carried them to the port of Falmouth and they were pull for ravel at Exeter. They spent all the cartridge clip from that day till the homage in prison. Since it was very rare case, involving the law of the sea and extreme necessity, it was hard to pronounce sagacity. Nobody knows if they would survive till the rescuers, hadnt they not eaten the boy. They could have died from starvation. And Parker in his weak condition would or so likely die also.Jurors at the trial were ignorant and they would agree with whatever the courts decision will be. However, due to the complication of the case, the court was rescheduled to December 4th to be argued in advance a Court consisting of 5 judges. Regardless of an attorney A. Collins objections, saying that it was not a homicide, only when a self-preserving act upon the great necessity, prisoner Dudley and Stephens were reproved to stopping point because, the facts that were presented to the jury, including Parkers left body parts were appall and there is no such necessity that allows one to take another persons life.However, the finish sentence was commuted by Crown to six moth imprisonment. Unfavo rable and at the same time tragic story of Dudley and Stephens begs some questions and requires details, which will be clarified below with the help of some research and articles. While cultivation the case story, a lot of details seem to be missing and Andreas Teuber, The Professor of Philosophy of justness at Brandeis University proposed a very thorough research with a lot of necessary information, called The Mignonette, 1884 Queen v. Dudley.According to Teuber, the name of the ship was The Mignonette and the owner was a wealthy Australian barrister, who decided to hire a clump to sail his yacht, instead of sending it as a deck cargo since the condition of the ship was not the sturdiest. He hired Thomas Dudley as a sea captain, and Dudley recruited Edwin Stephens as mate, Edmund Brooks as able seamen, and seventeen year old boy, Richard Parker, as ordinary seamen (people. brandeis. edu). Teuber states in his work. The initial reason for the men being on the high seas was the f act that they were hired as a crew to sail the ship to Sydney, Australia.Even though, they expected a nice weather in May, soon enough it turned foul and a heavy flourish hit the ship, crushing it. As the ship started to sink, men barely managed to get into a lifeboat and by the time they were trying to save their lives, all of supplies of water and food were gone. Professor Teuber clarifies it, saying Unfortunately, the emergency supply of water that they had hastily thrown overboard next to the dinghy was swept away by the waves (people. brandeis. edu). Since Teuber acknowledged that Dudley was the captain of the ship, it might also be the reason of why all decisions were made by Dudley.He might have felt himself responsible for mens life and tried to save as much as he could, by sacrificing one. One of the details Teuber mentioned was that the rest of seamen were rescued by a German boat, called Montezuma, which was cope home from South America. As soon as they delivered men to Falmouth and started questioning them, it was clear that they have committed a crime. However, Brooks name wasnt mentioned as one of the prisoners throughout the story. And Teuber reveals the reason, sayingThe trustworthy Dudley immediately insisted that he was the ringleader and that Brooks was completely innocent (people. randeis. edu). So thats why Brooks vie as a prosecutions witness. The most remarkable situation in this case, was the peace between Dudley and the Richards brother Daniel Parker. He even came to court and shook Dudleys hand. By the way, the initials C. J jump for Chief Justice Lord Coleridge who refused to recognize the prisoners case as necessity act. Information that seems to be the most curious for everyone is how those three seamen did live their lives after committing such an act of cannibalism.According to Professor Teuber, Brooks went back to the sea, Stephens support himself doing odd jobs and Dudley immigrated to Sydney, Australia. He was taking big amounts of opium in order to relieve himself from painful memories and died from bubonic incrust in 1900. One of the sources, that provide a reliable details regarding the Dudley and Stephens case is a Canadian online justice Press magazine and a legal information website www. duhaime. org. One of the founding partners of Duhaime police Lloyd Duhaime wrote an article called Cannibalism on the High Seas the Common Laws Perfect Storm.Duhaime, a lawyer with 26 years of experience, reports the exact location where the homicide act happened as he states Suddenly, the four men were crowded in a small dinghy, lost in the middle of the South Atlantic, at latitude 27 degrees 10 southward and longitude 9 degrees 50 West 1600 miles for Cape of Good Hope, 2000 from South America (www. duhaime. org). One of the things Duhaime declares is Dudleys harrow confession words which sound like this I then put my knife into the side of the neck.The blood spurted out, and we caught it in the bailer a nd we drank the blood while it was warm we then stripped the body, cut it open, and took out his liver and heart, and we ate the liver while it was still warm (www. duhaime. org). But besides his confession, existing human flesh under his fingernails was enough evidence. In addition, Duhaime states some information on seamens further life after the trial ended. According to him, Brooks died in 1919 Edwin Stephens buried the Parker affair with alcohol and died in 1914.According to A. W. Brian Simpsons A strait-laced Yachting Tragedy book, the main role in commuting six month imprisonment was play by young Queen Victoria and Sir William Harcourt, a home secretary at the time. Apparently, strict death sentence was the only solution for murder crimes in 1884. According to the book, Sir William and Queen Victoria had some misunderstandings and a different opinion over previous few cases, but since The Queen was preoccupied with the fate of her ideal General Gordon, Mr. Harcourt was res ponsible for the case.Lewis Harcourt, a son and the private secretary of Sir William, strongly argued about short sentence only and while he was away shooting, Sir William announced the decision which was approved by Queen. As a result, the author of A Victorian Yachting Tragedy, Mr. Simpson grants On December 12 it was decided that the sentence be commuted to six moth imprisonment, not at hard labor, to be dated from December 4, the date of judgment against them not sentence. (A. W Brian Simpson 247). However, Phillipa Dudley was not happy with the decision and expected her husband home sooner and there were talks later on releasing Thomas earlier.Moreover, Simpson provides an information on missing initials of A. G and Q. C, where A. G stands for Attorney General Sir Henry James and Q. C stands for Queens Counsel. According to book Plutarchs Lives The translation called Drydens Volume 4, the meaning of phrase Necesse est ut eam, non ut vivam, is There was a necessity to sail, but no necessity to live (Plutarch, lav Dryden, Arthur Hugh Clough 561). Meanwhile, So spake the Fiend, and with necessity, The Tyrants plea, pardon his devilish deeds was taken from John Miltons poem in Paradise Lost book.It this ad hoc case it does not mean that the act was devilish however, it would appear that necessity was the excuse. Overall, research clarified a lot of things in this controversial case. There were many horrifying detailed accounts, such as Parkers eaten body parts or as amusing and heart-breaking information as peace between Dudley and Parkers brother. Moreover, the fact that in those years murder crimes were punished by death sentence and the court made an exception due to the nature of situation makes it one of the famous criminal law cases.Work Cited 1. Andreas, Teuber. Philosophy of Law Had-Out Page. Brandeis University. 5 Feb. 2004 Web. 18 March, 2013. 2. Lloyd, Duhaime. Cannibalism on the High Seas the Common Laws Perfect Storm. www. duhaime. org. 20 Au g. 2011 Web. 18 March, 2013. 3. A. W. Brian, Simpson. Cannibalism and Common Law A Victorian Yachting Tragedy. The Hambledon Press. 1994. 18 March, 2013 4. Plutarch, John Dryden, Arthur Hugh. Plutarchs Lives The translation called Drydens Volume 4. Little, Brown and Company. Boston. 1884. 18 March, 2013

When work comes home; Coping Strategies of Teleworkers and their Essay

When execution comes home Coping Strategies of Teleworkers and their Families - probe ExampleWhat look-alike is the author writing within, Critical or uncritical?The term critical refers the lucid arguments and logic to explain questions and to weigh up evidence to support claims (Goatly, 2000). The authors use a critical paradigm for their work, with the help of which they build their arguments and present their data eventually leading to evaluation which supports what the authors are trying to portray. The culture in this research paper is based both on primary data collection as well as secondary data obtained from various literature sources. The primary information was collected through with(predicate) structured and semi-structured interviews with numerous participants. This information was then categorized into representative case studies which illustrated various home and work situations. The paper follows a logical order of arguments throughout. The purpose of the paper is highlighted in the beginning. Teleworking and coping strategies on with various definitions and explanations of work and home are presented as the writers identify both as two break open discourses and the different temporal regimes they draw on. The writing criticizes the co existence of work and home in the same environment. In their selection of the research sample the writers recognize their limitations and clearly state that their findings cannot be extrapolate to other telework groups... The evidence leading to the conclusion is presented adequately.Is there any bias in the paper? If so, what? sketchy descriptions limit the overall understanding of the participants in the research therefore greatly impacting the interpretations and applications of the research findings .

The World of Abstract Art Painting Research Proposal

The World of Abstract Art Painting - Research Proposal lawsuitThe paper The World of Abstract Art Painting aims to describe the abstract art by looking for at the intended as well as created meaning from the artists and viewers perspective respectively. The artist in focus when it comes to contemporary abstract painting is John Walker, an English printmaker, and painter, and the plump is entitled Oceania My plight painted in the year 1983. The work is presented on triptych oil on weather sheet and its dimensions on the overall are 217cm by 513cm by 4.3cm. His current collections accommodate Maine embellishs and Seal Point Series.Oceania My Dilemma is a series presented in triptych formation, which uses motifs from his earlier works. The monolith motif is believen as a representation of the Duchess of Alba from the depicting of Goya of 1797. The quotation on the left panel of St. John is a representation of spiritual transcendence. The complexity of imaginativeness in the p ainting reflects the painters Australian experience, which acknowledges European legacy contact with indigenous landscape and people. Incorporation of Aboriginal and Oceanic art elements like spirit figures, masks, barks, skulls, biblical references, and the Alba figure show a collision between traditional beliefs and the introduced Christianity. Therefore, the abstract form of art has grown over the years to take a dominant position in the world of painting. It has helped artists to break from the traditional forms and be free to include word and image in their paintings.

Drug Courts Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Drug Courts - Research Proposal ExampleA recent research done in 1999 by College on Problems of Drug Dependence reported that, drug courts are continually providing a super recommendable and effective control over substance-abusing offenders criminology and substance use, through with(predicate) court jurisdiction (p.1118). This research reported that, the graze of recidivism raged between 4% -29% for the graduates from drug court program, as compared to 48% of the substance--abusers who do not go through the drug court program.The ultimate plan of drug courts is to assist drug-using offenders to recover from drug dependency, change morally, and drive a responsible citizen, who is keen enough to avoid lamentable acts. The court is not focused on the punishment of the criminal offenders. Successful accomplishment of the drug courts word is the noble mission of the drug courts, which culminates to the bagging of the drug charge, shortening of the sentence period, or suspension o f the charge (Hennessy, & Nathaniel, 2001, p.117).On the other hand, Mental wellness scum bag be defined as the situation whereby a person is affected psychologically and therefore either having a level of cognitive or emotional depression. In most of the cases, mental health commonly leads to inability of a person to get a balance between life activities and psychological resilience therefore being unable to enjoy life due to mental disorder/abnormality. tally to the world health organization (WHO), they defined mental health as a state of upbeat in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community. (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 23). On the other hand, mental malady can be defined as a the state whereby a person is mentally sick and accordingly this are usually medical conditions which do disrupt a persons thinking, feeling, mood, abilit y to relate to others, and daily carrying out (Calhoun, C. 2002, pg 23). Mental illness is just a form of illness which affects the brains of a person just manage the way the pancreas is affected by disorder of diabetes.Due to the fact that mental health cases are usually culturally subjected, I believe there is a need of engaging traditional healers and practitioners in treatment of this disorders since in most of the occasion, the disorders are caused by approximately form of traditional beliefs or some eldritch belief and hence by including all the different professionals in this field will have some impacts on the methodology applied during treatment (Babbie, E. 2003, pg 40). AbstractThis research topic is about the outcomes of the special criminal courts application of diversionary programs on the victims of drug use and those faced with mental health and mental illness (American Psychological Association, 1995, p.185). most of the courts which deals with drugs and mental h ealth have been used as treatment

Academic freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Academic freedom - Essay ExampleThe problem highlighted by the source present relates to identity, authority and freedom of speech and expression in the world in general. The fact that, nothing in this world is seen in isolation but is relative to early(a) things or dependent on other elements such as culture, religion, geographic similarity, religion, nationality or politics. In light of social sciences and humanities, the author considers race, gender, ethnicity and religion as political factors that hinder learning and knowledge at all levels especially in the academia which is pathetic from a lack of academic freedom as the author terms it. He believes that academics forms a buns of what the students would later be like once they leave the academic institute and the social, political and general environs is what defines their future and how they deal with adversities. The realities of social life are bitter but a lot of it cornerstone improve if academic culture is transfo rmed. It needs to not teach about a specific dominating culture and its superiority but it needs to teach people about other cultures and nationalities, about growth tolerance and appreciation for others, about learning what other religions, races and geographically diverse ethnic groups are about. The author argues over the lack of democratic rights, free press and a missing feeling of well-being exists in places like Saudi Arabia, too full of their national pride and religious superiority. In comparison to Arabia, the American academy is seen to be more giving and diverse, giving the feeling of confidence and freedom to those who belong there. The balance is vast and it is what creates disparities amongst people at a late stage. The argument is in favor of a liberal form of enhanced academic freedom which can help solve problems like national and ethnicalintolerance, ethnocentricity and stereotyping.

Navajo Music and Way of Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Navajo Music and way of Life - Essay ExampleTraditionally, Navajo medication was composed of male falsetto, yells, and percussion, but due to western influence, the touch has changed as there is an integration of modernity into Navajo music. Navajo music has evolved tremendously to be where it is today. Traditionally, one could listen to a performance and forget it ever happened, as recording and storage of music were not known then. However, in the modern age, one can have a recorded performance and as well get stored samples of it for future reference. This has provided avenues for selling off the Navajo music, and the fans having an easier way of reviving their musical memories. In the activities of music, there be ii parties that are the performers and listeners. In the performers section, there are singers, dancers and those playing discordant musical instruments such as drums and flutes. unlike bands are also formed depending on the ceremonies the songs are to be sung w hich in most cases are the ritual ceremonies. The Navajo music is also unique in its own way, being that anyone is free to attend the various musical concerts except for those requiring membership of strictly men or women of the Navajo community, such as ritual songs. On social organization, blues celebrities were considered of low-status in the society when they arose. However, upon gaining popularity abroad, they gained respect and had a high social status. This enabled them to sell their music better and gain higher chances of playing at concerts.